A domain hack (sometimes known as a domain name hack) is an unconventional domain name A domain name is an identification label that defines a realm of administrative autonomy, authority, or control on the Internet, based on the Domain Name System that combines domain levels, especially the top-level domain A top-level domain is one of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet. The top-level domain names are installed in the root zone of the name space. For all domains in lower levels, it is the last part of the domain name, that is, the last label of a fully qualified domain name. For example, in the (TLD), to spell out the full "name" or title of the domain.[1] Well-known examples include blo.gs blo.gs is a service based on RSS feed aggregation, primarily from blogs, which produces a simple list of the user's bookmarked sites, ordered according to recentness of update. It was acquired by Yahoo! in June 2005. On April 2009 the service has been transferred from Yahoo to Automattic, the business that runs WordPress and WordPress.com, del.icio.us Delicious is a social bookmarking web service for storing, sharing, and discovering web bookmarks. The site was founded by Joshua Schachter in 2003 and acquired by Yahoo! in 2005. By the end of 2008, the service claimed more than 5.3 million users and 180 million unique URLs bookmarked URLs. It is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, cr.yp.to Daniel Julius Bernstein is a professor at the University of Illinois at Chicago, a mathematician, a cryptologist, and a programmer. Bernstein is the author of the computer software qmail, publicfile and djbdns. He has a Bachelor's degree in Mathematics from New York University (1991), and a PhD in Mathematics from the University of California,, retou.ch, and goo.gl.
In this context, the "hack" represents a trick (as in programming Computer programming is the process of writing, testing, debugging/troubleshooting, and maintaining the source code of computer programs. This source code is written in a programming language. The code may be a modification of an existing source or something completely new. The purpose of programming is to create a program that exhibits a certain), not an exploit or break-in (as in security Computer security is a branch of computer technology known as information security as applied to computers and networks. The objective of computer security includes protection of information and property from theft, corruption, or natural disaster, while allowing the information and property to remain accessible and productive to its intended).
Domains such as .as .as is the Internet country code top-level domain for American Samoa. It is administered by AS Domain Registry, .it .it is the Internet country code top-level domain for Italy, .me .me is the Internet country code top-level domain for Montenegro, or .us .us is the Internet country code top‐level domain for the United States and was established in 1985. Registrants of .us domains must be United States citizens, residents, or organizations, or a foreign entity with a presence in the United States. Most registrants in the country have registered for .com, .net, .org and other gTLDs, instead of .us, (American Samoa American Samoa /əˈmɛrɪkən səˈmoʊə/ (Samoan: Amerika Sāmoa or Sāmoa Amelika) is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of the sovereign state of Samoa (formerly known as Western Samoa). The main (largest and most populous) island is Tutuila, with the Manuʻa Islands, Rose Atoll, and, Italy Italy (pronounced /ˈɪtəli/ ; Italian: Italia [iˈtaːlja]), officially the Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a country located partly on the European Continent and partly on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe and on the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea, Sicily and Sardinia. Italy shares its northern, Alpine, Montenegro Montenegro ( /ˌmɒntɨˈneɪɡroʊ/ or /ˌmɒntɨˈniːɡroʊ/) (Montenegrin: Crna Gora, Црна Гора, listen (help·info)) (meaning "Black Mountain" in Montenegrin) is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the and United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language respectively) are easy to use as domain hacks because they correspond to short, simple dictionary words. Alternatively, a name is chosen so that the last few characters match an existing top-level domain, such as "inter.net", so that every character is used in forming the common name.
Domain hacks offer the ability to produce extremely short domain names. For example, blo.gs blo.gs is a service based on RSS feed aggregation, primarily from blogs, which produces a simple list of the user's bookmarked sites, ordered according to recentness of update. It was acquired by Yahoo! in June 2005. On April 2009 the service has been transferred from Yahoo to Automattic, the business that runs WordPress and WordPress.com has a total of only five letters (versus blogs.com, at eight letters), as every letter is taken into account as the site's title.
This makes them potentially valuable as redirectors (like i.am, which redirects to FortuneCity's V3 service), as pastebins A pastebin is a web application which allows its users to upload snippets of text, usually samples of source code, for public viewing. It is very popular in IRC channels where pasting large amounts of text is considered bad etiquette. A vast number of pastebins exist on the Internet, suiting a number of different needs and provided features and as base domains from which to delegate subdomains In the Domain Name System hierarchy, a subdomain is a domain that is part of a larger domain. Also short domains are useful for URL shortening services.
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History
On November 23, 1992, inter.net was registered.[2] In the 1990s, several hostnames A hostname is a label that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network and that is used to identify the device in various forms of electronic communication such as the World Wide Web, e-mail or Usenet. Hostnames may be simple names consisting of a single word or phrase, or they may include the name of a Domain Name System domain at the ending in "pla.net" were active. The concept of spelling out a phrase with the parts of a hostname A hostname is a label that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network and that is used to identify the device in various forms of electronic communication such as the World Wide Web, e-mail or Usenet. Hostnames may be simple names consisting of a single word or phrase, or they may include the name of a Domain Name System domain at the to form a domain hack is well established.[3] On Friday, May 3, 2002, icio.us was registered to create del.icio.us Delicious is a social bookmarking web service for storing, sharing, and discovering web bookmarks. The site was founded by Joshua Schachter in 2003 and acquired by Yahoo! in 2005. It has more than five million users and 150 million bookmarked URLs. It is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California.
Who.is is a whois WHOIS is a query/response protocol that is widely used for querying databases in order to determine the registrar or assignee of an Internet resource (such as a domain name, an IP address block, or an autonomous system number).[citation needed] server, indicating the registered ownership information of a domain. It was established June 12, 2002 and registered to an address in Reykjavík Reykjavík (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈreiːcaviːk]) is the capital and largest city of Iceland. Its latitude at 64°08' N makes it the world's northernmost capital of a sovereign state. It is located in southwestern Iceland, on the southern shore of Faxaflói Bay. With a population of around 120,000 (and over 200,000 in the Greater Reykjavík, Iceland b. ^ Iceland, the Faeroes and Greenland were formally Norwegian possessions until 1814 despite 400 years of Danish monarchy beforehand.
On January 14, 2004, the Christmas Island Internet Administration revoked .cx .cx is the country code top-level domain for Christmas Island. It is administered by CIIA (Christmas Island Internet Administration), a community-owned non-profit company which also provides Internet service to the island's residents domain registration for shock site goatse.cx, a domain which used "se.cx" to form the word "sex".[4] The domain was originally registered in 1999. Similar names had been used for parody sites such as oralse.cx or analse.cx; in some cases, .cz .cz is the country code top-level domain for the Czech Republic. It is administered by CZ.NIC. Registrations must be ordered via accredited domain name registrars (Czech Republic The Czech Republic (pronounced /ˈtʃɛk/ chek; Czech: Česká republika, pronounced [ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka] ( listen), short form Česko [ˈtʃɛskɔ]) is a country in Central Europe. The country borders Poland to the northeast, Germany to the west and northwest, Austria to the south and Slovakia to the east. The Czech Republic has been a) or .kz .kz is the Internet country code top-level domain for Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is one of the six independent Turkic states. It is located in Eurasia and ranked as the ninth largest country in the world. It is also ranked the world's largest landlocked country, its territory of 2,727,300 km² is greater than Western Europe. It is neighbored clockwise from the north by Russia,) are substituted for .cx .cx is the country code top-level domain for Christmas Island. It is administered by CIIA (Christmas Island Internet Administration), a community-owned non-profit company which also provides Internet service to the island's residents.
The term domain hack was coined by Matthew Doucette on November 3, 2004 to mean "an unconventional domain name that uses parts other than the SLD (second level domain) or third level domain to create the title of the domain name."[5]
Yahoo! Yahoo! Inc. is an American public corporation headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, (in Silicon Valley), that provides Internet services worldwide. The company is perhaps best known for its web portal, search engine (Yahoo! Search), Yahoo! Directory, Yahoo! Mail, Yahoo! News, advertising, online mapping (Yahoo! Maps), video sharing (Yahoo! Video) acquired blo.gs blo.gs is a service based on RSS feed aggregation, primarily from blogs, which produces a simple list of the user's bookmarked sites, ordered according to recentness of update. It was acquired by Yahoo! in June 2005. On April 2009 the service has been transferred from Yahoo to Automattic, the business that runs WordPress and WordPress.com[6] on June 14, 2005, and del.icio.us[7] on December 9, 2005.
On 11 September 2007, name servers In computing, a name server consists of a program or computer server that implements a name-service protocol. It maps a human-recognizable identifier to a system-internal, often numeric, identification or addressing component for .me .me is the Internet country code top-level domain for Montenegro were delegated by IANA The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority is the entity that oversees global IP address allocation, root zone management for the Domain Name System (DNS), media types, and other Internet Protocol related assignments. It is operated by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, better known as ICANN to the Government of Montenegro Montenegro ( /ˌmɒntɨˈneɪɡroʊ/ or /ˌmɒntɨˈniːɡroʊ/) (Montenegrin: Crna Gora, Црна Гора, listen (help·info)) (meaning "Black Mountain" in Montenegrin) is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the, with a two-year transition period for existing .yu .yu was the Internet country code top-level domain that was assigned to Yugoslavia and was mainly used by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and its successor Serbia and Montenegro between 1994 and 2010 names to be transferred to .me .me is the Internet country code top-level domain for Montenegro. One of the first steps taken in deploying .me .me is the Internet country code top-level domain for Montenegro online was to create .its.me .me is the Internet country code top-level domain for Montenegro as a domain space for personal sites.[8] Many desirable domain hacks, such as love.me or leave.me,[9] were held back by the registry as premium names for later auction. One .me domain hack example is please.do.not.disturb.me.
On December 15, 2009 Google Google Inc. is a multinational public cloud computing, Internet search, and advertising technologies corporation. Google hosts and develops a number of Internet-based services and products, and generates profit primarily from advertising through its AdWords program. The company was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, often dubbed the " launched its own URL shortener under the domain goo.gl using the country code top-level domain A country code top-level domain is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country (a sovereign state or a dependent territory) (ccTLD) of Greenland b. ^ Greenland, the Faeroes and Iceland were formally Norwegian possessions until 1814 despite 400 years of Danish monarchy beforehand.
In March 2010, National Public Radio National Public Radio is a privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization that serves as a national syndicator to 797 public radio stations in the United States. NPR was created in 1970, following congressional passage of the Public Broadcasting Act of 1967. This act was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and launched its own URL shortener under the domain n.pr using the ccTLD of Puerto Rico Puerto Rico , officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Spanish: "Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" — literally Associated Free State of Puerto Rico), is an unincorporated territory of the United States, located in the northeastern Caribbean Sea, east of the Dominican Republic and west of the Virgin Islands.[10] The n.pr domain is currently used to link to an NPR story page by its ID and is one of the shortest possible domain hacks in existence.
International names
In most cases, registration of these short domain names relies on the use of country code domains A country code top-level domain is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country (a sovereign state or a dependent territory), each of which has a unique two-letter identifier.
For example, blo.gs blo.gs is a service based on RSS feed aggregation, primarily from blogs, which produces a simple list of the user's bookmarked sites, ordered according to recentness of update. It was acquired by Yahoo! in June 2005. On April 2009 the service has been transferred from Yahoo to Automattic, the business that runs WordPress and WordPress.com makes use of the TLD A top-level domain is one of the domains at the highest level in the hierarchical Domain Name System of the Internet. The top-level domain names are installed in the root zone of the name space. For all domains in lower levels, it is the last part of the domain name, that is, the last label of a fully qualified domain name. For example, in the .gs .gs is the Internet country code top-level domain for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is a British overseas territory in the southern Atlantic Ocean. It is a remote and inhospitable collection of islands, consisting of South Georgia and a chain of smaller islands, the South Sandwich Islands. South Georgia is 167.4 kilometres (104.0 mi) long and 1.4 to 37 km (0.87 to 23 miles) wide and is) to spell "blogs", chronolo.gy uses the TLD .gy (Guyana) to spell "chronology", and tel.ly uses the TLD .ly (Libya) to spell "telly" (a popular British slang term for television).
The third-level domains del.icio.us and cr.yp.to make use of the SLDs icio.us and yp.to from the TLDs .us (United States) and .to (Tonga) to spell "delicious" and "crypto" respectively.
In some cases, an entire country code domain has been re-purposed in its international marketing, such as .am (Armenia), .fm (Federated States of Micronesia), .cd (Democratic Republic of the Congo), .dj (Djibouti), and .tv (Tuvalu) for sites delivering various forms of audiovisual content.
.ly (Libya) has been used for English words that end with suffix "ly", such as sil.ly. Popular URL shortening services bit.ly and ow.ly use this hack.
Further information: ccTLD#Commercial and vanity useOther languages
A fad amongst French-speakers was to register their names in the Niue TLD .nu, which in French and Portuguese means "nude" or "naked"; however, as of 2007[update], Niue authorities have revoked many of these domain names. The handful that remain are joke domains without actual nudity. Likewise, Dutch, Swedish, and Danish speakers sometimes use .nu, because it means "now" in these languages. The TLD is still used by many Swedish sites as prior to 2003, it was impossible for individuals (and difficult for organizations) to register arbitrary domains under the .se TLD.
Some organisations situated in Switzerland use TLDs to specifically refer to their canton (like the Belgian TLD .be for the Canton of Berne).
The American Samoa domain .as is popular in the handful of countries where A/S is the legal suffix for corporations. Likewise, Hungarian domains sometimes use the Moroccan top level domain .ma (meaning "today").
In Russian, net (as «nyet») means "no", so there are many domains in the format "something.net". A similar use of .info (in many languages where the term signifies "information") is to use a negatory term and .info to yield local equivalents to "there is no information". In Czech, Polish and Slovak, to means "it", so there are many domains using Tonga's .to in the format "do-something.to" (e.g., zrobie.to, meaning "I will do it" the Polish language).
Family names in many Slavic languages ends with ch (i.e. -ich, -vich, -vych, -ovich), so .ch (ccTLD for Switzerland) is very interesting to them.
In French, Italian and Portuguese, « là » or « lá » mean "there". As the .la domain (Laos) is available for second-level registration worldwide, this can be an easy way to get a short, catchy name like "go there". In Italy some TLDs are identical to Italian Provinces' identifier, such as .to (Turin) or .tv (Treviso) and are thus extensively used for web domains in the area. The Canadian domain .ca is also trivial to use as « cá » ("here") in Portuguese or « ça » ("that") in Canadian French; local Canadian presence is required.
In Slovenian, si is a dative form of the reciprocal personal pronoun and a second person form of the verb to be. As .si is a Slovenian ccTLD, domain hacks are abundant. Additionally, the domain is attractive to speakers of Romance languages, because it is a conjunction, pronoun or an affirmative interjection in many. ARNES limits the use of the domain to residents and entities of Slovenia.
Since the introduction of .eu domains (eu meaning "I" in Romanian and in Portuguese), these domains have become popular in Romania, with people registering their names with the .eu extension.[citation needed]
| This table does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be and removed. (October 2009) |
Many domain hacks are plays on words specific to one local language:
| Domain | Registry | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| French language | ||
| aucun.info | .info | « aucun info » ("no info"), a base for FreeDNS subdomains |
| benefice.net | .net | « bénéfice net » ("net profit"), a business-related news site |
| c.la, cest.la | Laos | « c'est là » ("it's there") or « allez là » ("go there") are commonly used as redirectors |
| louez.ca | Canada | « louez ça » ("rent that"), a list of Montréal homes for rent |
| operationmontreal.net | .net | « Opération Montréal net » ("operation: clean Montreal"), a city beautification site |
| teu.be | Belgium | « teubé » ("dumb"), a collaborative blog |
| voyez.ca | Canada | « voyez.ça » ("see that"), a collection of images |
| German language | ||
| klingt.org | .org | « klingt org » (Viennese for “sounds nasty/terrible”) |
| raba.tt | Trinidad and Tobago | « Rabatt » ("rebate") |
| schokola.de | Germany | « Schokolade » ("chocolate") |
| ueberwin.de | Germany | « Überwinde » ("overcome") |
| Naturli.ch | Switzerland | « Natürlich » ("natural.ly") |
| autom.at | Austria | « Automat» ("automat") |
| fals.ch | Switzerland | « falsch » ("wrong", "false") |
| koe.stli.ch | Switzerland | « köstlich » ("delicious") |
| Italian language | ||
| vai.li | Liechtenstein | « vai li » ("go there"), a redirector |
| Portuguese language | ||
| notici.as | American Samoa | « noticias » ("news"), for Desciclopédia (an uncyclopedia) project "DesNotícias" ("UnNews" equivalent) |
| bibliote.ca | Canada | « biblioteca » ("library"), for Desciclopédia project "DesLivros" ("UnBooks" equivalent) |
| pesquisa.la | Laos | « pesquisa là » ("search there"), for Desciclopédia |
| vai.la | Laos | « vai lá » ("go there"), a redirector |
| vem.ca | Canada | « vem cá » ("come here"), used as a secondary domain name by a search site |
| Spanish language | ||
| red.es | Spain | « redes » ("networks"), Spain's national domain-name registry operator |
| educ.ar | Argentina | « educar » ("to educate"), the Argentine government's education portal |
| pagina.de | Germany | « página de » (the page of), a web forwarding site. |
| recorta.me | Montenegro | « recortame » ("cut me"), URL shortener. |
| Hungarian language | ||
| erdely.ma | Morocco | « Erdély ma » ("Transylvania Today"), since "ma" means today in Hungarian |
| felvidek.ma | Morocco | « Felvidék ma » (means: Upper Hungary Today). |
| magyarorszag.ma | Morocco | « Magyarország ma » (means: Hungary Today). |
| semmi.se | Sweden | « Semmi se » (means: nothing at all). |
| Mandarin Chinese | ||
| zul.in | India | zū lìn (means: rent, lease, hire) |
| hen.huang.hen.bao.li | Liechtenstein | Hěn huáng hěn bào lì (means: Very erotic, very violent), a catchphrase spawned by a China Central Television news report |
| kan.de.jian.me | Montenegro | Kàn de jiàn me (means: Can you see it?) |
| Russian language | ||
| pisem.net | .net | « Писем нет » tr. pisem net means "No email", since "Нет" net means "no" in Russian |
| zaycev.net | .net | « Зайцев нет » tr. zaycev net means "No hares". |
| zadolba.li | .li | « Задолбали » tr. zadolbali means "(You/they are) Such a pain in the ass". |
| Dutch language | ||
| kijk.nu | .nu | Kijk Nu (means look now) |
| ontdek.me | .me | Ontdek me (means discover me) |
| Croatian language, and also Serbian language | ||
| pogledaj.to | Tonga | Pogledaj to (meaning "look at that") |
| poljubi.me | .me | Poljubi me (means kiss me) |
| vidi.me | .me | Vidi me (means see me) |
| Welsh language | ||
| cym.ro | Romania | Cymro (means Welshman), offers email forwarding addresses. See proposed TLD .cym |
| Danish language | ||
| findbolig.nu | .nu | Find bolig nu (means "find residence now") |
| Czech language | ||
| Uloz.to | .to | Ulož to (means "Save it") |
| Zkoukni.to | .to | Zkoukni to (means "Look at that") |
| Slovene language | ||
| Zadovoljna.si | .si | Zadovoljna si (means "Satisfied (fem.) /you/ are") |
| Nym.fo | .fo | A play on the word "Nympho" (see Hypersexuality) |
| Zulu language | ||
| amand.la | .la | Amandla (a Xhosa and Zulu word meaning "power") The word was a popular rallying cry in the days of resistance against Apartheid |
| thu.la | .la | thula (a Zulu word meaning "Be Quiet!") |
See also
References
- ^ Domain Hacks & Email Hacks (original domain hack article)
- ^ Whois domain search inter.net WHOIS record
- ^ List of coolest hostnames and domain hacks circa 1995
- ^ Council of Country Code Administrators - Acceptable Use Policy .cx - Christmas Island
- ^ Domain Hacks Information (original domain hack search)
- ^ Winstead, Jim. blo.gs: sold June 14, 2005.
- ^ Schachter, Joshua. del.icio.us: y.ah.oo! December 9, 2005.
- ^ Montenegro .me tld to attract interest for domain hacks
- ^ ME registry: .me is about you!
- ^ You Say NPR, But On Twitter We Say n.pr
Categories: Domain hacks | Domain name system
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Wed, 30 Jun 2010 12:11:25 GMT+00:00
Register "Users browsing Vodafone domain should be safe - until new hack /updated hack will be performed," Avast researcher Miloslav Korenko told The Reg. ...
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[source page]
Tasarim e t m cd tuerkce Photoshop 3DMax Flash Tuerkce
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Fri, 21 May 2010 17:32:26 GM
HEBRE . WS @ godaddy, fast push $30 via paypal personal option :ghost:
Q. can anybody access it. well i cannot it opens another site and says that this domain is for sale!!!
Asked by rougher - Wed Sep 30 10:39:39 2009 - - 7 Answers - 0 Comments
A. They have either gone or failed to retain the website address. As you are getting re-directed to someone wanting to sell it, I would guess that the name has been bought by a web domain name trader who is trying to sell it on. The website you were after no longer exists under that address therefore. does not mean that they have not bought another address and are using that, though.
Answered by pete w - Wed Sep 30 10:58:50 2009
